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Question:

12 defective pens are accidentally mixed with 132 good ones. It is not possible to just look at a pen and tell whether or not it is defective. One pen is taken out at random from this lot. Determine the probability that the pen taken out is a good one.

Solution:

Number of good pens = 132
Number of defective pens = 12
Total number of pens = 132 + 12 = 144
P(Good pen) = 132/144 = 11/12