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Question:

A cylindrical vessel of height 500 mm has an orifice (small hole) at its bottom. The orifice is initially closed and water is filled in it up to height H. Now the top is completely sealed with a cap and the orifice at the bottom is opened. Some water comes out from the orifice and the water level in the vessel becomes steady with the height of water column being 200 mm. Find the fall in height (in mm) of water level due to the opening of the orifice. [Take atmospheric pressure = 1.0 × 10⁵ N/m², density of water = 1000 kg/m³ and g = 10 m/s². Neglect any effect of surface tension.]

Solution:

Pressure due to falling water level at 200 mm is P + ρgh = P₀ or P = 10⁵ − (1000)(10)(0.2) = 98 × 10³ N/m²

now, P₀V₀ = PV or 10⁵[A(0.5 − H)] = 98 × 10³[A(0.5 − 0.2)] where A = cross-sectional area of a vessel.

0.5 − H = 0.294 ⇒ H = 0.206 m = 206 mm

The fall in height (in mm) of water level = 206 − 200 = 6