A gas is enclosed in a cylinder with a movable frictionless piston. Its initial thermodynamic state at pressure Pi = 10⁵ Pa and volume Vi = 10⁻³ m³ changes to a final state at Pf = (1/32) × 10⁵ Pa and Vf = 8 × 10⁻³ m³ in an adiabatic quasi-static process, such that P³V⁵ = constant. Consider another thermodynamic process that brings the system from the same initial state to the same final state in two steps: an isobaric expansion at Pf followed by an isochoric (isovolumetric) process at volume Vf. The amount of heat supplied to the system in the two-step process is approximately:<p></p>

A gas is enclosed in a cylinder with a movable frictionless piston. Its initial thermodynamic state at pressure Pi = 10⁵ Pa and volume Vi = 10⁻³ m³ changes to a final state at Pf = (1/32) × 10⁵ Pa and Vf = 8 × 10⁻³ m³ in an adiabatic quasi-static process, such that P³V⁵ = constant. Consider another thermodynamic process that brings the system from the same initial state to the same final state in two steps: an isobaric expansion at Pf followed by an isochoric (isovolumetric) process at volume Vf. The amount of heat supplied to the system in the two-step process is approximately:

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