An infertile couple is advised to adopt a test-tube baby programme. Describe two principle procedures adopted for such technologies.

The test tube baby programme is in vitro fertilization. This process includes:

Zygote intrafallopian transfer: In this method, sperm from a male donor and ovum from a female donor are collected and fused in laboratory conditions. The zygote with 8 blastomeres is then transferred into the fallopian tube.

Gamete intrafallopian transfer: In this method, an ovum is collected from a donor female and then transferred into the fallopian tube of an infertile female for fertilization.