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Question:

Artificial selection to obtain cows yielding higher milk output represents: Stabilizing selection as it stabilizes this character in the population. Directional as it pushes the mean of the character in one direction. Disruptive as it splits the population into two, one yielding higher output and the other lower output. Stabilizing followed by disruptive as it stabilizes the population to produce higher yielding cows.

Stabilizing selection as it stabilizes this character in the population.

Disruptive as it splits the population into two, one yielding higher output and the other lower output.

Stabilizing followed by disruptive as it stabilizes the population to produce higher yielding cows.

Directional as it pushes the mean of the character in one direction.

Solution:

A natural selection where an extreme phenotype is favored over other phenotypes, causing the allele frequency to shift over time in the direction of that phenotype is known as directional artificial selection. In order to achieve cows yielding higher milk, directional selection is used as it pushes the mean of the frequency of the selected individual in one direction. So, the correct answer is option D.