Bacteria, fungi and lower plants survive in adverse conditions by: Suspended growth, Migration, Formation of thick walled spores, Diapause

Bacteria, fungi and lower plants survive in adverse conditions through formation of thick walled spores. Algae form resting spore or akinetes which are thick walled spores and store food material. In fungi, thick walled perennating spores called chlamydospores are formed. Bacteria form endospores which is probably the most resistant living thing known. They may remain alive in boiling water for more than 2 hours.