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Question:

Calculate the force of gravitation between the earth and the Sun, given that the mass of the earth = 6 × 10²⁴ kg and of the Sun = 2 × 10³⁰ kg. The average distance between the two is 1.5 × 10¹¹ m.

Solution:

Given : Mass of earth m = 6 × 10²⁴ kg
Mass of Sun M = 2 × 10³⁰ kg
Distance between sun and earth r = 1.5 × 10¹¹ m
Force of gravitation between them F = GMm/r²
F = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ × (6 × 10²⁴) × (2 × 10³⁰) / (1.5 × 10¹¹)²
F = (80.04 × 10⁴³) / 2.25 × 10²²
F = 35.57 × 10²¹
F = 3.56 × 10²² N