(i) 2H-C(=O)-H + Conc. KOH → CH3COOK + H2O
This reaction represents the Cannizzaro reaction. In this reaction, when an aldehyde without an α-hydrogen is treated with concentrated alkali, it undergoes disproportionation into the corresponding alcohol and carboxylic acid salt. In this case, formaldehyde undergoes the Cannizzaro reaction to produce methanol and potassium formate.
(ii) CH3COOH + Br2/P → CH2BrCOOH + HBr
This reaction is an example of the Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. Here, acetic acid reacts with bromine in the presence of red phosphorus to produce α-bromoacetic acid. The reaction involves the formation of an acyl halide intermediate, which then undergoes electrophilic substitution with bromine.