Describe the 'Greenhouse effect' in your own words.

The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the Earth's surface. When the Sun's energy reaches the Earth's atmosphere, some of it is reflected back to space and the rest is absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse gases. These gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor, trap heat in the atmosphere, preventing it from escaping back into space. This trapped heat warms the planet, making it habitable for life. Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth's average temperature would be significantly lower, around -18°C (0°F), making it too cold to support most life forms. However, human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels, have increased the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to an enhanced greenhouse effect and global warming.