Distance between two points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) is √(x1-x2)²+(y1-y2)²
(i) Distance between (2,3) and (4,1) is = √(2-4)²+(3-1)² = √(-2)²+(2)² = √4+4 = √8 = 2√2
(ii) Distance between (-5,7) and (-1,3) is = √(-5-(-1))²+(7-3)² = √(-4)²+(4)² = √16+16 = √32 = 4√2
(iii) Distance between (a,b) and (-a,-b) is = √(a-(-a))²+(b-(-b))² = √(2a)²+(2b)² = √4a²+4b² = 2√a²+b²