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Question:

Give reasons of the following:Although−NH2is o/p directing group, yet aniline on nitration gives a significant amount of m-nitroanilineGive reasons of the following:Although−NH2is o/p directing group, yet aniline on nitration gives a significant amount of m-nitroanilineGive reasons of the following:−NH2−NH2−NH2−−NNH2HHH222?

Solution:

Nitration is carried out in an acidic medium. In an acidic medium, aniline is protonated to give anilinium ion (which is meta-directing).