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Question:

In an n-type semiconductor, which of the following statements is true?

Electrons are majority carriers and trivalent atoms are dopants.

Holes are minority carriers and pentavalent atoms are dopants.

Electrons are minority carriers and pentavalent atoms are dopants.

Holes are majority carriers and trivalent atoms are dopants.

Solution:

Option B is correct. In an n-type semiconductor, pentavalent atoms (atoms with five valence electrons) are used as dopants. These extra electrons become free charge carriers, making electrons the majority carriers. Holes, on the other hand, are the minority carriers.