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Question:

In the homeostatic control of blood sugar level, which organs function as modulator and effector respectively?

Liver and islet of Langerhans

Hypothalamus and liver

Islet of Langerhans and hypothalamus

Hypothalamus and islet of Langerhans

Solution:

The organ that helps in the uptake of glucose or is involved in the homeostatic control of blood sugar level as the modulator is liver. The pancreas cells are known as islets of Langerhans also control the blood glucose level and acts as an effector in the homeostatic control of blood sugar. The liver controls sugar metabolism by storing excess glucose in the form of glycogen. This role is manifested by the ability of the liver to tightly control hepatic glucose production (HGP). During fasting, HGP is elevated, making the liver the main source of glucose production. After feeding, HGP is suppressed and the liver utilizes and stores glucose. Beta cells of the islet of Langerhans detect the rise in the blood glucose level and in response to release insulin. It activates enzymes converting glucose to glycogen and increases the rate of glucose uptake to maintain the normal level of glucose. So, the correct answer is option A.