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Question:

Make a labelled diagram of a candle flame.

Solution:

A candle flame consists of three main zones:

  1. Inner Dark Zone: This is the innermost zone of the flame and appears dark because there is insufficient oxygen to completely combust the wax vapor. The wax vapor is heated here but not yet ignited.

  2. Luminous Zone (Middle Zone): This is the bright, yellow part of the flame. Incomplete combustion of wax vapor occurs here. Tiny particles of carbon are heated to incandescence, producing the yellow light. Some oxygen reaches this zone leading to partial combustion.

  3. Non-Luminous Zone (Outer Zone): This is the outermost zone and appears almost colorless or faintly blue. It is the hottest part of the flame. Here, complete combustion of the wax vapor occurs due to the ample supply of oxygen from the surrounding air. The carbon particles from the luminous zone burn completely, producing carbon dioxide and water vapor.

Diagram:

(A hand-drawn or computer-generated diagram should be included here showing the three zones clearly labeled: Inner Dark Zone, Luminous Zone, and Non-Luminous Zone. The diagram should also show the wick and the melted wax.)