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Question:

Match the following.
List-I List-II
(A) Colored impurity (P) Steam distillation
(B) Mixture of o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol (Q) Fractional distillation
(C) Crude Naphtha (R) Charcoal treatment
(D) Mixture of glycerol and sugars (S) Distillation under reduced pressure

(A)-(R), (B)-(S), (C)-(P), (D)-(Q)

(A)-(R), (B)-(P), (C)-(Q), (D)-(S)

(A)-(P), (B)-(S), (C)-(R), (D)-(Q)

(A)-(R), (B)-(P), (C)-(S), (D)-(Q)

Solution:

(A) Charcoal treatment removes coloured impurity through adsorption (B) Steam distillation separates the mixture of o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol. The o-nitrophenol is steam volatile (due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding), and the para isomer is not volatile (C) Fractional distillation separates Crude Naphtha. Naphtha is a flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture (D) Distillation under reduced pressure separates mixture of glycerol and sugars. Vacuum distillation lowers the boiling point and prevents decomposition.