Nucleic acid
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Vitamins
Vitamins are the essential chemical components of many coenzymes. Coenzymes are organic molecules that are required by many enzymes to function properly. They are often derived from vitamins. For example, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) are coenzymes that are derived from the vitamins niacin and riboflavin, respectively. Other coenzymes can be derived from other vitamins or modified forms of other molecules.