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Question:

The order of stability of the following carbocations

I>II>III

III>II>I

II>III>I

III>I>II

Solution:

The stability of carbocations is determined by the ability of the substituents to donate electron density to the positively charged carbon atom. The more electron density donated, the more stable the carbocation. This is primarily due to inductive effects and resonance effects.

Let's analyze the provided carbocations (assuming they are depicted in the original question, which is missing from the input). Generally, the stability follows this order:

  1. Tertiary carbocations (3°): These are the most stable because they have three alkyl groups donating electron density. The alkyl groups are electron-donating due to the inductive effect (+I effect).
  2. Secondary carbocations (2°): These have two alkyl groups donating electron density, making them less stable than tertiary carbocations.
  3. Primary carbocations (1°): These have only one alkyl group donating electron density, resulting in the least stable carbocation.
  4. Methyl carbocation (CH3+): This is the least stable of all due to the absence of any alkyl group to donate electron density.

Resonance effects: If the carbocation has resonance structures, its stability increases significantly. Resonance delocalizes the positive charge, effectively reducing its intensity. A more delocalized positive charge leads to greater stability.

Without the structures of carbocations I, II, and III, a definitive solution cannot be provided. To determine the correct order of stability (I > II > III, III > II > I, II > III > I, or III > I > II), the structures of the carbocations must be known and analyzed based on the principles explained above. The order will depend on the number of alkyl groups attached to the positively charged carbon and the possibility of resonance stabilization.