The reaction, Q to R and R to S, are:

The reaction, Q to R and R to S, are Friedel-Crafts alkylation and Friedel-Crafts acylation. Friedel-Crafts alkylation is the introduction of an alkyl group into a benzene ring in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst such as anhydrous AlCl3. Friedel-Crafts acylation is the introduction of an acyl group into a benzene ring in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst such as anhydrous AlCl3.