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Question:

What do you understand by isoelectronic species?

Solution:

Isoelectronic species contain the same number of electrons.
(i) Both F⁻ and O²⁻ contain 10 electrons each. Hence, they are isoelectronic.
(ii) Both Ar and Cl⁻ contain 18 electrons each. Hence, they are isoelectronic.
(iii) Both Mg²⁺ and Na⁺ contain 10 electrons each. Hence, they are isoelectronic.
(iv) Both Rb⁺ and Kr contain 36 electrons. Hence, they are isoelectronic.