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Question:

What will be the major product in the following mononitration reaction?

Solution:

The reagent used is a classical reagent for the generation of an Electrophile NO+2. So, it attacks any Benzene ring to form an Electrophilic substitution reaction. The right Benzene ring is deactivated by the C=O group and hence the Electrophile doesn't attack the right Benzene ring. The left Benzene ring has been activated by the Nitrogen lone pair. And hence the Electrophile attacks on the left Benzene ring. Now due to steric hindrance, the substitution doesn't take place on the ortho position and thus the substitution takes place on the para position w.r.t. the –NH group. Hence option C shows the appropriate answer.