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Question:

When an α-particle of mass 'm' moving with velocity 'v' bombards on a heavy nucleus of charge 'Ze', its distance of closest approach from the nucleus depends on

1m

1m2

1√m

m

Solution:

At closest distance of approach, the kinetic energy of the particle will completely convert into potential energy.
→1/2mv² = KQq/d
→d ∝ 1/m