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Question:

Which of the following is (are) NOT the square of a 3x3 matrix with real entries?

āŽ”āŽ¢āŽ£10001000š•’µāŽ¤āŽ„āŽ¦

āŽ”āŽ¢āŽ£š•’µ000š•’µ000š•’µāŽ¤āŽ„āŽ¦

āŽ”āŽ¢āŽ£1000š•’µ000š•’µāŽ¤āŽ„āŽ¦

āŽ”āŽ¢āŽ£100010001āŽ¤āŽ„āŽ¦

Solution:

The correct options are A āŽ”āŽ¢āŽ£10001000š•’µāŽ¤āŽ„āŽ¦ and D āŽ”āŽ¢āŽ£š•’µ000š•’µ000š•’µāŽ¤āŽ„āŽ¦.
For A and D, det(A²) = |10001000š•’µ|² = š•’µ.
| š•’µ000š•’µ000š•’µ |
Consider āŽ”āŽ¢āŽ£10001š•’¶01š•’µāŽ¤āŽ„āŽ¦ āŽ”āŽ¢āŽ£10001š•’¶01š•’µāŽ¤āŽ„āŽ¦ = āŽ”āŽ¢āŽ£1000š•’µ000š•’µāŽ¤āŽ„āŽ¦
For C, I² = āŽ”āŽ¢āŽ£100010001āŽ¤āŽ„āŽ¦. Hence, A and D are NOT the square of a 3x3 matrix with real entries.