Which of the following options correctly represents the lungs conditions in asthma and emphysema respectively?

The correct option is C. Inflammations of bronchioles, and decreased respiratory surface

Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the lungs. In this condition, airways of the lungs become narrow and swell and produce excess mucus. Due to this, the respiratory surface decreases. Symptoms include reversible airflow obstruction, bronchospasm, wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath. Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that involves the destruction of alveoli in the lungs, leading to a decreased respiratory surface area. This makes it difficult for the lungs to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide efficiently.