Eduprobe
Question:
Which of the following statement is correct in relation to the endocrine system?
Non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amount that act as intercellular messenger are known as hormones.
Releasing and inhibitory hormones are produced by the pituitary gland.
Adenohypophysis is under direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus.
Organs in the body like gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidney and liver don not produce any hormones.
Solution:
Endocrine glands lack ducts and are hence, called ductless glands. Their secretions are called hormones. Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals which act as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amounts. The posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) is under the direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus. Hormones are also secreted by some tissues which are not endocrine glands. For example, the atrial wall of our heart secretes a very important peptide hormone called atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), which decreases blood pressure. The juxtaglomerular cells of kidney produce a peptide hormone called erythropoietin which stimulates erythropoiesis. Endocrine cells present in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract secrete four major peptide hormones, namely gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP). The hormones produced by hypothalamus are of two types, the releasing hormones (which stimulate secretion of pituitary hormones) and the inhibiting hormones (which inhibit secretions of pituitary hormones).